Bhagavad Gita Chapter 1 Verse 15 — Arjuna Vishada Yoga
Sanskrit
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः | पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ||१-१५||
Transliteration
pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanañjayaḥ . pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ ||1-15||
Hindi Meaning
।।1.15।।भगवान् हृषीकेश ने पांचजन्य, धनंजय (अर्जुन) ने देवदत्त तथा भयंकर कर्म करने वाले भीम ने पौण्डू नामक महाशंख बजाया।
English Meaning
Lord Kṛṣṇa blew His conchshell, called Pāñcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhīma, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Pauṇḍra.
Commentary
Lord Kṛṣṇa is referred to as Hṛṣīkeśa in this verse because He is the owner of all senses. The living entities are part and parcel of Him, and therefore the senses of the living entities are also part and parcel of His senses. The impersonalists cannot account for the senses of the living entities, and therefore they are always anxious to describe all living entities as senseless, or impersonal. The Lord, situated in the hearts of all living entities, directs their senses. But He directs in terms of the surrender of the living entity, and in the case of a pure devotee He directly controls the senses. Here on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra the Lord directly controls the transcendental senses of Arjuna, and thus His particular name of Hṛṣīkeśa. The Lord has different names according to His different activities. For example, His name is Madhusūdana because He killed the demon of the name Madhu; His name is Govinda because He gives pleasure to the cows and to the senses; His name is Vāsudeva because He appeared as the son of Vasudeva; His name is Devakī-nandana because He accepted Devakī as His mother; His name is Yaśodā-nandana because He awarded His childhood pastimes to Yaśodā at Vṛndāvana; His name is Pārtha-sārathi because He worked as charioteer of His friend Arjuna. Similarly, His name is Hṛṣīkeśa because He gave direction to Arjuna on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra. Arjuna is referred to as Dhanañjaya in this verse because he helped his elder brother in fetching wealth when it was required by the king to make expenditures for different sacrifices. Similarly, Bhīma is known as Vṛkodara because he could eat as voraciously as he could perform herculean tasks, such as killing the demon Hiḍimba. So the particular types of conchshell blown by the different personalities on the side of the Pāṇḍavas, beginning with the Lord’s, were all very encouraging to the fighting soldiers. On the other side there were no such credits, nor the presence of Lord Kṛṣṇa, the supreme director, nor that of the goddess of fortune. So they were predestined to lose the battle – and that was the message announced by the sounds of the conchshells.
Hinglish Commentary
Is verse mein Bhagwan Kṛṣṇa ko Hṛṣīkeśa kaha gaya hai kyunki woh sabhi indriyon ke malik hain. Jo jeev hain, woh unka hissa hain, aur isliye jeevon ki indriyaan bhi unki indriyon ka hissa hain. Impersonalists jeevon ki indriyon ka koi hisaab nahi de sakte, isliye woh hamesha jeevon ko senseless ya impersonal kehne ki koshish karte hain. Bhagwan sabhi jeevon ke dilon mein hain aur unki indriyon ka margdarshan karte hain, lekin yeh unke samarpan ke hisaab se hota hai. Pure devotee ke case mein, Bhagwan seedha unki indriyon ko control karte hain. Kurukṣetra ke battlefield par, Bhagwan ne Arjuna ki transcendental indriyon ko seedha control kiya, isliye unka naam Hṛṣīkeśa hai. Bhagwan ke alag-alag naam unki alag-alag kriyaon ke liye hain. Jaise unka naam Madhusūdana hai kyunki unhone demon Madhu ko maara; Govinda hai kyunki woh gaayon aur indriyon ko sukh dete hain; Vāsudeva hai kyunki woh Vasudeva ke putra ke roop mein aaye; Devakī-nandana hai kyunki unhone Devakī ko apni maa maana; Yaśodā-nandana hai kyunki unhone apne bachpan ke khel Yaśodā ko diye; aur Pārtha-sārathi hai kyunki unhone apne dost Arjuna ka rath chalaya. Waise hi, Hṛṣīkeśa naam unka hai kyunki unhone Kurukṣetra ke battlefield par Arjuna ko direction diya. Arjuna ko Dhanañjaya kaha gaya hai kyunki unhone apne bade bhai ki madad ki jab raja ko alag-alag yajnaon ke liye dhan chahiye tha. Bhīma ko Vṛkodara kaha gaya kyunki woh itne bhookhe the ki jitna khana khate the, utna hi shaktishaali kaam bhi karte the, jaise demon Hiḍimba ko maarna. Pāṇḍavon ki taraf se jo alag-alag conch shell bajaye gaye, unmein se sabse pehle Bhagwan ka conch tha, jo ladne wale soldiers ke liye bahut prerna daayak tha. Dusri taraf, unke paas aise koi credits nahi the, na Bhagwan Kṛṣṇa, jo supreme director hain, na hi goddess of fortune ki maujoodgi thi. Isliye unka haar tay hai – aur yeh message conch shell ki dhvani se suna diya gaya.
Chinmaya Commentary
पाण्डवसैन्य का वर्णन करते हुये संजय विशेष रूप से प्रत्येक योद्धा के शंख का नाम भी बताता है। भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण के शंख का नाम पांचजन्य था। हृषीकेश यह भगवान् का एक नाम है जिसका अर्थ हैइन्द्रियों का स्वामी। हृषीक इन्द्रिय अ ईश उ हृषीकेष।