Bhagavad Gita Chapter 10 Verse 12 — Vibhuti Yoga
Sanskrit
अर्जुन उवाच | परं ब्रह्म परं धाम पवित्रं परमं भवान् | पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यमादिदेवमजं विभुम् ||१०-१२||
Transliteration
arjuna uvāca . paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma pavitraṃ paramaṃ bhavān . puruṣaṃ śāśvataṃ divyamādidevamajaṃ vibhum ||10-12||
Hindi Meaning
।।10.12।। अर्जुन ने कहा आप -परम ब्रह्म, परम धाम और परम पवित्र हंै; सनातन दिव्य पुरुष, देवों के भी आदि देव, जन्म रहित और सर्वव्यापी हैं।।
English Meaning
Arjuna said: You are the Supreme Brahman, the ultimate, the supreme abode and purifier, the Absolute Truth and the eternal divine person. You are the primal God, transcendental and original, and You are the unborn and all-pervading beauty.
Commentary
In these two verses the Supreme Lord gives a chance to the Māyāvādī philosopher, for here it is clear that the Supreme is different from the individual soul. Arjuna, after hearing the essential four verses of Bhagavad-gītā in this chapter, became completely free from all doubts and accepted Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He at once boldly declares, “You are paraṁ brahma, the Supreme Personality of Godhead.” And previously Kṛṣṇa stated that He is the originator of everything and everyone. Every demigod and every human being is dependent on Him. Men and demigods, out of ignorance, think that they are absolute and independent of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. That ignorance is removed perfectly by the discharge of devotional service. This has already been explained in the previous verse by the Lord. Now, by His grace, Arjuna is accepting Him as the Supreme Truth, in concordance with the Vedic injunction. It is not that because Kṛṣṇa is Arjuna’s intimate friend Arjuna is flattering Him by calling Him the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth. Whatever Arjuna says in these two verses is confirmed by Vedic truth. Vedic injunctions affirm that only one who takes to devotional service to the Supreme Lord can understand Him, whereas others cannot. Each and every word of this verse spoken by Arjuna is confirmed by Vedic injunction. In the Kena Upaniṣad it is stated that the Supreme Brahman is the rest for everything, and Kṛṣṇa has already explained that everything is resting on Him. The Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad confirms that the Supreme Lord, in whom everything is resting, can be realized only by those who engage constantly in thinking of Him. This constant thinking of Kṛṣṇa is smaraṇam, one of the methods of devotional service. It is only by devotional service to Kṛṣṇa that one can understand his position and get rid of this material body. In the Vedas the Supreme Lord is accepted as the purest of the pure. One who understands that Kṛṣṇa is the purest of the pure can become purified from all sinful activities. One cannot be disinfected from sinful activities unless he surrenders unto the Supreme Lord. Arjuna’s acceptance of Kṛṣṇa as the supreme pure complies with the injunctions of Vedic literature. This is also confirmed by great personalities, of whom Nārada is the chief. Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and one should always meditate upon Him and enjoy one’s transcendental relationship with Him. He is the supreme existence. He is free from bodily needs, birth and death. Not only does Arjuna confirm this, but all the Vedic literatures, the Purāṇas and histories. In all Vedic literatures Kṛṣṇa is thus described, and the Supreme Lord Himself also says in the Fourth Chapter, “Although I am unborn, I appear on this earth to establish religious principles.” He is the supreme origin; He has no cause, for He is the cause of all causes, and everything is emanating from Him. This perfect knowledge can be had by the grace of the Supreme Lord. Here Arjuna expresses himself through the grace of Kṛṣṇa. If we want to understand Bhagavad-gītā , we should accept the statements in these two verses. This is called the paramparā system, acceptance of the disciplic succession. Unless one is in the disciplic succession, he cannot understand Bhagavad-gītā . It is not possible by so-called academic education. Unfortunately those proud of their academic education, despite so much evidence in Vedic literatures, stick to their obstinate conviction that Kṛṣṇa is an ordinary person.
Hinglish Commentary
In in do shlokon mein, Bhagwan apne Māyāvādī darshanik ko ek mauka dete hain, kyunki yahaan yeh saaf hai ki Bhagwan alag hain aur akele atma se. Arjuna, jab usne is adhyay ke chaar mahatvapurn shlok sun liye, toh voh sabhi shakayon se mukt ho gaya aur Kṛṣṇa ko Bhagwan ka parameshwar maan liya. Usne turant bold tareeke se kaha, “Aap hi paraṁ brahma hain, jo ki Bhagwan ka Supreme Personality hai.” Pehle Kṛṣṇa ne yeh bataya tha ki voh sab kuch aur sabhi ka mool hain. Har devta aur har insaan un par nirbhar hain. Lekin log aur devta, apni ignorance ki wajah se, samajhte hain ki voh sab kuch hain aur Bhagwan se alag hain. Yeh ignorance sirf bhakti se door hoti hai, jaise ki pehle shlok mein Bhagwan ne samjhaya. Ab, Kṛṣṇa ki kripa se, Arjuna unhe Supreme Truth ke roop mein swikar kar raha hai, jo ki Vedic shashanon ke anusar hai. Yeh nahi hai ki kyunki Kṛṣṇa Arjuna ke dost hain, toh Arjuna unhe bas tareef kar raha hai. Jo kuch bhi Arjuna in do shlokon mein keh raha hai, voh Vedic satya se siddh hai. Kena Upaniṣad kehti hai ki Supreme Brahman sab cheezon ka aadhar hai, aur Kṛṣṇa ne pehle hi bataya hai ki sab kuch un par aadharit hai. Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad yeh bhi kehti hai ki jo Supreme Lord mein sab kuch aadharit hai, unhe sirf wahi log samajh sakte hain jo unhe hamesha yaad karte hain. Yeh Kṛṣṇa ka smaraṇam hai, jo bhakti ka ek tareeka hai. Kṛṣṇa ki bhakti se hi insaan apni asli sthiti samajh sakta hai aur is sharir se mukt ho sakta hai. Vedas mein Bhagwan ko sabse shuddh maana gaya hai. Jo samajhta hai ki Kṛṣṇa sabse shuddh hain, voh apne sabhi paap se mukti paa sakta hai. Jab tak koi Supreme Lord ko samarpit nahi hota, tab tak voh apne paapon se mukti nahi paa sakta. Arjuna ka Kṛṣṇa ko sabse shuddh maan na Vedic sahitya ke niyam ke anusar hai. Yeh bade mahatvapurn vyaktiyon, jaise Nārada, dwara bhi siddh kiya gaya hai. Kṛṣṇa Bhagwan ka Supreme Personality hain, aur hamesha un par dhyan dena chahiye aur unke saath apne transcendental sambandh ka anand lena chahiye. Voh sabse uchit astitva hain, jinki na koi sharirik zarurat hai, na janm aur na mrityu. Arjuna sirf yeh nahi kehta, balki sabhi Vedic sahitye, Purāṇas aur itihas bhi yeh hi kehte hain. Sabhi Vedic sahityon mein Kṛṣṇa ka yeh varnan hai, aur Bhagwan khud choutha adhyay mein kehte hain, “Main avinashi hoon, phir bhi dharmik siddhanton ko sthapit karne ke liye is prithvi par aata hoon.” Voh sabse bada mool hain; unka koi kaaran nahi hai, kyunki voh sabhi ka kaaran hain, aur sab kuch unse nikalta hai. Yeh perfect gyaan sirf Supreme Lord ki kripa se milta hai. Yahaan Arjuna apne aap ko Kṛṣṇa ki kripa se vyakt kar raha hai. Agar hume Bhagavad-gītā samajhni hai, toh hume in do shlokon ke bayan ko swikar karna chahiye. Isse paramparā system kehte hain, jo ki disciplic succession ka swikaar hai. Jab tak koi is disciplic succession mein nahi hai, voh Bhagavad-gītā nahi samajh sakta. Yeh sirf so-called academic education se sambhav nahi hai. Dukh ki baat hai ki jo log apni academic education par ghamand karte hain, voh itne saboot ke bawajood bhi Vedic sahityon mein Kṛṣṇa ko ek aam vyakti samajhte hain.