Bhagavad Gita Chapter 14 Verse 17 — Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga
Sanskrit
सत्त्वात्सञ्जायते ज्ञानं रजसो लोभ एव च | प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च ||१४-१७||
Transliteration
sattvātsañjāyate jñānaṃ rajaso lobha eva ca . pramādamohau tamaso bhavato.ajñānameva ca ||14-17||
Hindi Meaning
।।14.17।। सत्त्वगुण से ज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है। रजोगुण से लोभ तथा तमोगुण से प्रमाद, मोह और अज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है।।
English Meaning
From the mode of goodness, real knowledge develops; from the mode of passion, greed develops; and from the mode of ignorance develop foolishness, madness and illusion.
Commentary
Since the present civilization is not very congenial to the living entities, Kṛṣṇa consciousness is recommended. Through Kṛṣṇa consciousness, society will develop the mode of goodness. When the mode of goodness is developed, people will see things as they are. In the mode of ignorance, people are just like animals and cannot see things clearly. In the mode of ignorance, for example, they do not see that by killing one animal they are taking the chance of being killed by the same animal in the next life. Because people have no education in actual knowledge, they become irresponsible. To stop this irresponsibility, education for developing the mode of goodness of the people in general must be there. When they are actually educated in the mode of goodness, they will become sober, in full knowledge of things as they are. Then people will be happy and prosperous. Even if the majority of the people aren’t happy and prosperous, if a certain percentage of the population develops Kṛṣṇa consciousness and becomes situated in the mode of goodness, then there is the possibility for peace and prosperity all over the world. Otherwise, if the world is devoted to the modes of passion and ignorance, there can be no peace or prosperity. In the mode of passion, people become greedy, and their hankering for sense enjoyment has no limit. One can see that even if one has enough money and adequate arrangements for sense gratification, there is neither happiness nor peace of mind. That is not possible, because one is situated in the mode of passion. If one wants happiness at all, his money will not help him; he has to elevate himself to the mode of goodness by practicing Kṛṣṇa consciousness. When one is engaged in the mode of passion, not only is he mentally unhappy, but his profession and occupation are also very troublesome. He has to devise so many plans and schemes to acquire enough money to maintain his status quo. This is all miserable. In the mode of ignorance, people become mad. Being distressed by their circumstances, they take shelter of intoxication, and thus they sink further into ignorance. Their future in life is very dark.
Hinglish Commentary
Aaj kal jo civilization hai, wo zinda praniyon ke liye zyada acchi nahi hai, isliye Kṛṣṇa consciousness ko apnana zaroori hai. Jab log Kṛṣṇa consciousness ko apnate hain, toh unka goodness ka mode develop hota hai. Jab ye goodness ka mode develop hota hai, log cheezon ko waise hi dekhte hain jaise wo hain. Lekin ignorance ke mode mein log jaanwaron ki tarah hote hain aur cheezon ko saaf dekh nahi pate. Jaise ki, jab wo ek jaanwar ko maarte hain, unhe ye nahi pata chalta ki wo agle janm mein usi jaanwar se maar diye jayenge. Kyunki logon ko sahi gyaan nahi hai, wo laaparwaah ho jaate hain. Is laaparwaahi ko rokne ke liye, logon ko goodness ke mode mein educate karna bahut zaroori hai. Jab log sach mein goodness ke mode mein educate hote hain, toh wo samajhdaar ban jaate hain aur cheezon ko waise hi samajhte hain jaise wo hain. Tab log khush aur samriddh hote hain. Agar zyada tar log khush aur samriddh nahi bhi hain, lekin agar kuch log Kṛṣṇa consciousness ko apna lete hain aur goodness ke mode mein aa jaate hain, toh duniya bhar mein shanti aur samriddhi ka mauka hai. Warna, agar duniya passion aur ignorance ke modes mein hai, toh na toh shanti milegi aur na samriddhi. Passion ke mode mein log lalchi ho jaate hain, aur unki sense enjoyment ki khwahish kabhi khatam nahi hoti. Aap dekhenge ki agar kisi ke paas kaafi paisa ho aur wo sense gratification ki saari suvidhaon se bhara ho, tab bhi na khushi hoti hai aur na hi man ki shanti. Ye sab possible nahi hai kyunki wo passion ke mode mein hain. Agar koi khushi chahata hai, toh paisa uski madad nahi karega; usse Kṛṣṇa consciousness ko apna kar goodness ke mode mein aana padega. Jab koi passion ke mode mein hota hai, toh sirf uska mann hi nahi, balki uski profession aur occupation bhi bahut pareshan karte hain. Usse paisa kamane ke liye kitne hi plans aur schemes banana padta hai, jo sab miserable hota hai. Aur ignorance ke mode mein log pagal ho jaate hain. Apne halat se pareshan hokar, wo nasha karne lagte hain, aur is tarah se wo aur bhi ignorance mein doob jaate hain. Unka future bahut andhera hota hai.
Chinmaya Commentary
मन और बुद्धि के रंगमञ्च पर प्रवेश करने पर ये तीन गुण जिस भूमिका का निर्वाह करते हैं उसका निर्देश इस श्लोक में किया गया है। इनका विस्तृत वर्णन पहले किया जा चुका है।सत्त्वगुण से ज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है स्वयं चैतन्यस्वरूप आत्मा में विषयों का अभाव होने से उसका किसी विषय को जानने का प्रश्न ही नहीं उठता। किन्तु चैतन्य से युक्त अन्तकरण की बुद्धिवृत्तियों विषयों को प्रकाशित करती है। यदि अन्तकरण शुद्ध और शान्त अर्थात् सात्त्विक हो तो उसकी ज्ञानक्षमता अधिक होती है। ऐसे शुद्ध मन के द्वारा ही नित्यशुद्धबुद्धमुक्त आत्मा का अपरोक्षानुभव हो सकता है।रजोगुण से लोभ तथा तज्जनित अनेक प्रकार की स्वार्थमूलक प्रवृत्तियां और विक्षेप उत्पन्न होते हैं।तमोगुण से प्रमाद मोह और अज्ञान उत्पन्न होते हैं। विषय को किसी प्रकार से भी नहीं जानना अज्ञान है जब कि दो वस्तुओं या कर्मों में विवेक का अभाव होना मोह कहलाता है। धर्मअधर्म सत्यअसत्य आत्माअनात्मा इत्यादि का विवेक न होना मोह है। किसी भी कर्म में सावधानी न रखना या वस्तु को अन्य प्रकार से समझना प्रमाद कहलाता है। इसके कारण बाह्य जगत् में सुख की कल्पना करके मनुष्य उसी में भटकता रहता है। सम्पूर्ण समुद्र में क्या एक पात्र भर मधुर जल मिल सकता है वस्तुत नहीं परन्तु तमोगुण के वशीभूत पुरुष उसी के लिए प्रयत्न करता रहता है और जब उसे दुख भोगने पड़ते हैं तो इसका दोष वह जगत् को देता है यह सब्ा तमोगुण का कार्य़ है।आगे कहते हैं