Bhagavad Gita Chapter 15 Verse 20 — Purusottama Yoga
Sanskrit
इति गुह्यतमं शास्त्रमिदमुक्तं मयानघ | एतद्बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान्स्यात्कृतकृत्यश्च भारत ||१५-२०||
Transliteration
iti guhyatamaṃ śāstramidamuktaṃ mayānagha . etadbuddhvā buddhimānsyātkṛtakṛtyaśca bhārata ||15-20||
Hindi Meaning
।।15.20।। हे निष्पाप भारत ! इस प्रकार यह गुह्यतम शास्त्र मेरे द्वारा कहा गया, इसको जानकर मनुष्य बुद्धिमान और कृतकृत्य हो जाता है।।
English Meaning
This is the most confidential part of the Vedic scriptures, O sinless one, and it is disclosed now by Me. Whoever understands this will become wise, and his endeavors will know perfection.
Commentary
The Lord clearly explains here that this is the substance of all revealed scriptures. And one should understand this as it is given by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Thus one will become intelligent and perfect in transcendental knowledge. In other words, by understanding this philosophy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead and engaging in His transcendental service, everyone can become freed from all contaminations of the modes of material nature. Devotional service is a process of spiritual understanding. Wherever devotional service exists, the material contamination cannot coexist. Devotional service to the Lord and the Lord Himself are one and the same because they are spiritual; devotional service takes place within the internal energy of the Supreme Lord. The Lord is said to be the sun, and ignorance is called darkness. Where the sun is present, there is no question of darkness. Therefore, whenever devotional service is present under the proper guidance of a bona fide spiritual master, there is no question of ignorance. Everyone must take to this consciousness of Kṛṣṇa and engage in devotional service to become intelligent and purified. Unless one comes to this position of understanding Kṛṣṇa and engages in devotional service, however intelligent he may be in the estimation of some common man, he is not perfectly intelligent. The word anagha, by which Arjuna is addressed, is significant. Anagha, “O sinless one,” means that unless one is free from all sinful reactions it is very difficult to understand Kṛṣṇa. One has to become free from all contamination, all sinful activities; then he can understand. But devotional service is so pure and potent that once one is engaged in devotional service he automatically comes to the stage of sinlessness. While one is performing devotional service in the association of pure devotees in full Kṛṣṇa consciousness, there are certain things which require to be vanquished altogether. The most important thing one has to surmount is weakness of the heart. The first falldown is caused by the desire to lord it over material nature. Thus one gives up the transcendental loving service of the Supreme Lord. The second weakness of the heart is that as one increases the propensity to lord it over material nature, he becomes attached to matter and the possession of matter. The problems of material existence are due to these weaknesses of the heart. In this chapter the first five verses describe the process of freeing oneself from these weaknesses of heart, and the rest of the chapter, from the sixth verse through the end, discusses puruṣottama-yoga. Thus end the Bhaktivedanta s to the Fifteenth Chapter of the Śrīmad Bhagavad-gītā in the matter of Puruṣottama-yoga, the Yoga of the Supreme Person.
Hinglish Commentary
Yahan Bhagwan bahut clearly samjhate hain ki ye sabhi revealed scriptures ka essence hai. Isse samajhna chahiye jaise ki ye Supreme Personality of Godhead se diya gaya hai. Jab koi is philosophy ko samjhega aur Bhagwan ki transcendental service mein lagega, toh wo samajhdar aur perfect ban jayega transcendental knowledge mein. Matlab, agar hum Supreme Personality of Godhead ki philosophy ko samjhein aur unki bhakti mein jud jaayein, toh hum sab material nature ke contaminations se mukt ho sakte hain. Bhakti ka kaam spiritual understanding ka process hai. Jahan bhakti hoti hai, wahan material contamination nahi ho sakti. Bhagwan ki bhakti aur Bhagwan khud ek hi hain kyunki ye dono spiritual hain; bhakti Supreme Lord ki internal energy mein hoti hai. Bhagwan ko suraj ke tarah samjha jaata hai aur ignorance ko andhera. Jahan suraj hota hai, wahan andhera nahi hota. Isliye, jab bhi bhakti sahi guidance ke saath hoti hai, wahan ignorance ka koi sawal nahi. Har kisi ko Krishna ki consciousness mein aana chahiye aur bhakti mein judna chahiye taaki wo samajhdar aur purified ban sake. Agar koi Krishna ko samajhne ki position par nahi aata aur bhakti nahi karta, chahe wo kitna bhi intelligent kyun na ho, wo perfectly intelligent nahi hai. Arjuna ko "anagha" kehne ka matlab bhi yeh hai ki jab tak koi apne sabhi sinful reactions se free nahi hota, tab tak Krishna ko samajhna mushkil hai. Sabhi contamination aur sinful activities se mukt hona zaroori hai; tabhi samajh aayega. Lekin bhakti itni pure aur potent hai ki jab koi bhakti mein jud jaata hai, toh wo automatically sinlessness ke stage par aa jaata hai. Jab koi pure devotees ke saath bhakti ka kaam karta hai, toh kuch cheezein hain jo poori tarah se khatam karni hoti hain. Sabse zaroori cheez jo overcome karni hai wo hai heart ki weakness. Pehli girawat tab hoti hai jab koi material nature par lord karne ki ichha rakhta hai. Isse wo Supreme Lord ki transcendental loving service ko chhod deta hai. Dusri weakness ye hai ki jab koi material nature par lord karne ki ichha ko badhata hai, toh wo matter aur uski possessions se attached ho jaata hai. Material existence ke problems in heart ki weaknesses ki wajah se hote hain. Is chapter ke pehle paanch shlok in weaknesses se mukt hone ka process batate hain, aur baaki chapter, chhati se lekar end tak, puruṣottama-yoga ke baare mein hai. Is tarah se Bhaktivedanta ka yeh commentary Fifteenth Chapter of the Śrīmad Bhagavad-gītā ke Puruṣottama-yoga, yaani Supreme Person ke Yoga par khatam hota hai.
Chinmaya Commentary
प्रस्तुत अध्याय के इस अन्तिम श्लोक में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण कहते हैं कि उन्होंने अर्जुन को गुह्यतम ज्ञान का उपदेश दिया है। इस ज्ञान को गुह्य या रहस्य इस दृष्टि से नहीं कहा गया है कि इसका उपदेश किसी को नहीं देना चाहिये अभिप्राय यह है कि परमात्मा इन्द्रिय अगोचर होने के कारण कोई भी व्यक्ति प्रत्यक्ष और अनुमान प्रमाणों के द्वारा उसे अपनी बुद्धि से नहीं जान सकता है। अत वह उसके लिये रहस्य ही बना रहेगा। केवल एक शास्त्रज्ञ और आत्मानुभवी आचार्य के उपदेश से ही परमात्मज्ञान हो सकता है।हे निष्पाप वह कर्म भावना या विचार पाप कहलाता है जिसको करने पर कालान्तर में हमारे मन में विक्षेप पश्चाताप तथा आत्मग्लानि उत्पन्न होती है। इन के होने पर अन्तकरण में आत्मविचार करने के लिये आवश्यक सूक्ष्मता और सजगता नहीं रहती। अत इस सन्दर्भ में अर्जुन को निष्पाप कहकर संबोधित करना यह दर्शाता है कि वह आत्मज्ञान के योग्य है।अपने पुरुषोत्तम स्वरूप को जानने वाला पुरुष बुद्धिमान् बन जाता है। इसका अर्थ यह है कि इस ज्ञान के पश्चात् वह जीवन में वस्तुओं के यथार्थ स्वरूप को समझने में और कर्म से संबंधित निर्णय लेने में त्रुटि नहीं करता है। फलस्वरूप वह न स्वयं के लिये भ्रम और दुख उत्पन्न करता है और न ही समाज के अन्य व्यक्तियों के लिये।परमात्मा के ज्ञान का फल है कृतकृत्यता। मन में पूर्ण सन्तोष का वह भाव जो जीवन के लक्ष्य को प्राप्त कर लेने पर उदय होता है कृतकृत्यता कहलाता है। तत्पश्चात् उस व्यक्ति के लिये न कोई प्राप्तव्य शेष रहता है और न कोई कर्तव्य। यह श्लोक उत्तम अधिकारियों को आत्मज्ञान के इस श्रेष्ठ फल का आश्वासन देता है। तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रेश्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे पुरुषोत्तमयोगो नाम पञ्चदशोऽध्याय।।