Bhagavad Gita Chapter 16 Verse 7 — Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga
Sanskrit
प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च जना न विदुरासुराः | न शौचं नापि चाचारो न सत्यं तेषु विद्यते ||१६-७||
Transliteration
pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na vidurāsurāḥ . na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate ||16-7||
Hindi Meaning
।।16.7।। आसुरी स्वभाव के लोग न प्रवृत्ति को; जानते हैं और न निवृत्ति को उनमें न शुद्धि होती है, न सदाचार और न सत्य ही होता है।।
English Meaning
Those who are demoniac do not know what is to be done and what is not to be done. Neither cleanliness nor proper behavior nor truth is found in them.
Commentary
In every civilized human society there is some set of scriptural rules and regulations which is followed from the beginning. Especially among the Āryans, those who adopt the Vedic civilization and who are known as the most advanced civilized peoples, those who do not follow the scriptural injunctions are supposed to be demons. Therefore it is stated here that the demons do not know the scriptural rules, nor do they have any inclination to follow them. Most of them do not know them, and even if some of them know, they have not the tendency to follow them. They have no faith, nor are they willing to act in terms of the Vedic injunctions. The demons are not clean, either externally or internally. One should always be careful to keep his body clean by bathing, brushing teeth, shaving, changing clothes, etc. As far as internal cleanliness is concerned, one should always remember the holy names of God and chant Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa, Hare Hare/ Hare Rāma, Hare Rāma, Rāma Rāma, Hare Hare. The demons neither like nor follow all these rules for external and internal cleanliness. As for behavior, there are many rules and regulations guiding human behavior, such as the Manu-saṁhitā, which is the law of the human race. Even up to today, those who are Hindu follow the Manu-saṁhitā. Laws of inheritance and other legalities are derived from this book. Now, in the Manu-saṁhitā it is clearly stated that a woman should not be given freedom. That does not mean that women are to be kept as slaves, but they are like children. Children are not given freedom, but that does not mean that they are kept as slaves. The demons have now neglected such injunctions, and they think that women should be given as much freedom as men. However, this has not improved the social condition of the world. Actually, a woman should be given protection at every stage of life. She should be given protection by the father in her younger days, by the husband in her youth, and by the grownup sons in her old age. This is proper social behavior according to the Manu-saṁhitā. But modern education has artificially devised a puffed-up concept of womanly life, and therefore marriage is practically now an imagination in human society. The social condition of women is thus not very good now, although those who are married are in a better condition than those who are proclaiming their so-called freedom. The demons, therefore, do not accept any instruction which is good for society, and because they do not follow the experience of great sages and the rules and regulations laid down by the sages, the social condition of the demoniac people is very miserable.
Hinglish Commentary
Har ek sabhyata mein kuch na kuch dharmik niyam hote hain, jo logon ne shuru se follow kiye hain. Aryan samaj mein, jo Vedic sabhyata ko apnaate hain aur sabse advanced maane jaate hain, un logon ko jo in dharmik niyamon ko nahi maante, demons ya asur kaha jaata hai. Yahan yeh kaha gaya hai ki demons ko in scriptural rules ka pata nahi hota, na hi inhe follow karne ki koi ichha hoti hai. Zyada tar log inhe nahi jaante, aur agar kuch log jaante bhi hain, to unmein inhe follow karne ki koi pravritti nahi hoti. Inke paas na to koi vishwas hota hai, na hi Vedic niyamon ke anusar kaam karne ki ichha. Yeh demons na to bahar se saaf hote hain, na andar se. Humein apne sharir ko hamesha saaf rakhna chahiye, jaise ki snan karna, daant saaf karna, shaving karna, aur kapde badalna. Aur andar ki saafai ke liye, humein hamesha Bhagwan ke pavitra naam yaad rakhne chahiye aur "Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare; Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare" ka jaap karna chahiye. Lekin demons in sab niyamon ko nahi maante aur na hi inhein follow karte hain. Vyavhaar ke liye bhi kai niyam aur niyamavali hain, jaise Manu-smriti, jo manav jaati ka kanoon hai. Aaj bhi jo Hindu hain, woh Manu-smriti ko follow karte hain. Is kitab se virasat aur anya kanoon banaye jaate hain. Lekin Manu-smriti mein yeh saaf likha hai ki auraton ko azaadi nahi di jaani chahiye. Iska matlab yeh nahi hai ki auratein daasiyon ki tarah rakhi jaani chahiye, balki yeh unhe bachchon ki tarah samjha jaata hai. Bachchon ko azaadi nahi di jati, par iska matlab yeh nahi hai ki unhe daas banaya jaata hai. Aaj kal ke demons in niyamon ko bhool gaye hain, aur sochte hain ki auraton ko mardon ki tarah azaadi milni chahiye. Lekin isse samajik sthiti behtar nahi hui hai. Vastav mein, auraton ko har kadam par suraksha milni chahiye; unhe apne chhote dinon mein pita se, jawani mein pati se, aur budhape mein bade putron se suraksha milni chahiye. Yeh Manu-smriti ke anusar sahi samajik vyavhaar hai. Lekin aaj kal ki shiksha ne aurton ke jeevan ka ek ghamand bhara concept bana diya hai, aur isliye shaadi aaj kal sirf ek kalpana ban gayi hai. Ab auraton ki samajik sthiti itni achi nahi hai, jabki jo shaadi shuda hain, woh un logon se behtar hain jo apni so-called azaadi ka ghoshna kar rahe hain. Isliye, demons kisi bhi aise niyam ko nahi maante jo samaj ke liye achhe hain, aur kyunki yeh mahan rishiyon ke anubhav aur unke dwara diye gaye niyamon ko nahi maante, unki samajik sthiti kaafi dukhad hai.
Chinmaya Commentary
यहाँ प्रवृत्ति और निवृत्ति के शब्द क्रमश कर्तव्य कर्म और अकर्तव्य अर्थात् निषिद्ध कर्म हैं।धार्मिक अनुष्ठानकर्ता कर्तव्य पालन और निस्वार्थ समाज सेवा के द्वारा न केवल तात्कालिक लाभ को प्राप्त करता है अपितु अन्तकरण की शुद्धि भी प्राप्त करता है क्योंकि वह कभी अपने सर्वोच्च लक्ष्य को विस्मृत नहीं होने देता। निषिद्ध कर्मों से विरति ही निवृत्ति कहलाती है। अकर्तव्य का त्याग ही मनुष्य के लिए श्रेयस्कर होता है। असुर लोगों को कर्तव्य और अकर्तव्य का सर्वथा अज्ञान होता है। यहाँ ध्यान देने योग्य बात यह है कि आसुरी गुणों की सूची अज्ञान से प्रारम्भ होती है। यदि कोई व्यक्ति अज्ञानवशात् किसी प्रकार का अपराध करता है तो समाज के सहृदय पुरुषों के मन में उसके प्रति क्षमा का भाव सहज उदित होता है भले ही न्यायालय में उसे क्षमा के योग्य कारण न माना जाये।बाह्य शुद्धि बहुत कुछ मात्रा में मनुष्य के आन्तरिक व्यक्तित्व की परिचायक होती है। श्रेष्ठ शिक्षा और संस्कारी पुरुष में ही यह शुद्धि हमें देखने को मिलती है।अज्ञानी पुरुष में अन्तर्बाह्य शुद्धि का अभाव होता है। ऐसे अनुशासनविहीन पुरुष का व्यवहार आचार भी विनयपूर्ण नहीं हो सकता क्योंकि बाह्य आचरण मनुष्य के स्वभाव की ही अभिव्यक्ति है। इसलिए भगवान् कहते हैं कि आसुरी लोगों में सदाचार का अभाव स्पष्ट रूप से परिलक्षित होता है।अविवेक अशौच तथा अनाचार से युक्त पुरुष अपने वचनों की सत्यता का पालन कभी नहीं कर सकता। यदि हम इन उल्लिखित गुणों का सावधानीपूर्वक अध्ययन करें तो हमें स्पष्ट बोध होगा कि भगवान् के हृदय में इन दुराचारियों के प्रति कितनी करुणा है। सम्पूर्ण गीता में इनके प्रति रञ्चमात्र भी प्रतिशोध या द्वेष का भाव प्रकट नहीं किया गया है। हम यह नहीं कह सकते कि आसुरी पुरुष जानबूझ कर असत्य का अनुकरण करता है। वास्तविकता यह है कि वह अपने स्वभाव से विवश निष्कपट व्यवहार करने में स्वयं को सर्वथा असमर्थ पाता है।