Bhagavad Gita Chapter 2 Verse 51 — Sankhya Yoga
Sanskrit
कर्मजं बुद्धियुक्ता हि फलं त्यक्त्वा मनीषिणः | जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः पदं गच्छन्त्यनामयम् ||२-५१||
Transliteration
karmajaṃ buddhiyuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ . janmabandhavinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchantyanāmayam ||2-51||
Hindi Meaning
।।2.51।। बुद्धियोग युक्त मनीषी लोग कर्मजन्य फलों को त्यागकर जन्मरूप बन्धन से मुक्त हुये अनामय अर्थात् निर्दोष पद को प्राप्त होते हैं।।
English Meaning
By thus engaging in devotional service to the Lord, great sages or devotees free themselves from the results of work in the material world. In this way they become free from the cycle of birth and death and attain the state beyond all miseries [by going back to Godhead].
Commentary
The liberated living entities belong to that place where there are no material miseries. The Bhāgavatam (10.14.58) says: samāṣritā ye pada-pallava-plavaṁ mahat-padaṁ puṇya-yaśo murāreḥ bhavāmbudhir vatsa-padaṁ paraṁ padaṁ padaṁ padaṁ yad vipadāṁ na teṣām “For one who has accepted the boat of the lotus feet of the Lord, who is the shelter of the cosmic manifestation and is famous as Mukunda, or the giver of mukti, the ocean of the material world is like the water contained in a calf’s footprint. Paraṁ padam, or the place where there are no material miseries, or Vaikuṇṭha, is his goal, not the place where there is danger in every step of life.” Owing to ignorance, one does not know that this material world is a miserable place where there are dangers at every step. Out of ignorance only, less intelligent persons try to adjust to the situation by fruitive activities, thinking that the resultant actions will make them happy. They do not know that no kind of material body anywhere within the universe can give life without miseries. The miseries of life, namely birth, death, old age and diseases, are present everywhere within the material world. But one who understands his real constitutional position as the eternal servitor of the Lord, and thus knows the position of the Personality of Godhead, engages himself in the transcendental loving service of the Lord. Consequently he becomes qualified to enter into the Vaikuṇṭha planets, where there is neither material, miserable life nor the influence of time and death. To know one’s constitutional position means to know also the sublime position of the Lord. One who wrongly thinks that the living entity’s position and the Lord’s position are on the same level is to be understood to be in darkness and therefore unable to engage himself in the devotional service of the Lord. He becomes a lord himself and thus paves the way for the repetition of birth and death. But one who, understanding that his position is to serve, transfers himself to the service of the Lord, at once becomes eligible for Vaikuṇṭha-loka. Service for the cause of the Lord is called karma-yoga or buddhi-yoga, or in plain words, devotional service to the Lord.
Hinglish Commentary
Jo log mukti prapt kar lete hain, wo us jagah jaate hain jahan koi bhi material dukh nahi hota. Bhāgavatam kehta hai ki jo log Bhagwan ke lotus feet ko apne liye ek nauka samajhte hain, wo is sansar ke dukh bhare samundar ko ek gaaye ke nakhun ke paani ke jaise dekhte hain. Unka asli lakshya Vaikuṇṭha hai, jahan koi bhi dukh nahi hai, na hi jeevan ke har mod par koi khatra. Lekin aksar log is material duniya ki asli haqeeqat nahi samajhte, aur isliye wo apni khushi ke liye karm karte hain, soch kar ki unke karm unhe sukh denge. Unhe yeh nahi pata ki is duniya mein koi bhi sharir dukh se mukt nahi ho sakta, kyunki janm, mrityu, budhape aur bimari sab jagah hain. Jo vyakti apni asli pehchaan ko samajhta hai, jo hai Bhagwan ka sadaiv sevak, wo Bhagwan ki bhakti mein lag jaata hai. Aise vyakti ko Vaikuṇṭha ke lokon mein pravesh karne ki yogyaata mil jaati hai, jahan na to koi material dukh hota hai aur na hi samay aur mrityu ka prabhav. Apni asli pehchaan ka matlab hai Bhagwan ki unchi sthiti ko samajhna. Agar koi galat sochta hai ki jeev aur Bhagwan ki sthiti barabar hai, to wo andhkar mein hai aur bhakti mein nahi lag sakta. Aise vyakti khud ko ek prabhu samajh lete hain, jo janm aur mrityu ke chakr mein phir se daal dete hain. Lekin jo samajhta hai ki uska kaam Bhagwan ki seva karna hai, wo turant Vaikuṇṭha-loka ke liye yogya ho jaata hai. Bhagwan ki seva ko karma-yoga ya buddhi-yoga kehte hain, yaani sidhe shabdon mein, Bhagwan ki bhakti ki seva.
Chinmaya Commentary
योगयुक्त बनने के उपदेश को सुनकर अर्जुन के मन में प्रश्न उठा कि आखिर समभाव से उसको कर्म क्यों करने चाहिये। भगवान् इस प्रश्न का कुछ पूर्वानुमान कर इस श्लोक में उसका उत्तर देते हैं। बुद्धियुक्त मनीषी का अर्थ है वह पुरुष जो जीने की कला को जानता हुआ फल की चिन्ताओं से मुक्त होकर मन के पूर्ण सन्तुलन को बनाये हुये सभी कर्म करता है। दूसरे शब्दों में अहंकार और स्वार्थ से रहित व्यक्ति ही मनीषी कहलाता है।मन के साथ तादात्म्य से अहंकार उत्पन्न होता है और वह फलासक्ति के कारण बन्धनों में फँस जाता है। जीवन में उच्च लक्ष्य को रखने पर ही अहंकार और स्वार्थ का त्याग संभव है।