Bhagavad Gita Chapter 8 Verse 1 — Aksara Brahma Yoga
Sanskrit
अर्जुन उवाच | किं तद् ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम | अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते ||८-१||
Transliteration
arjuna uvāca . kiṃ tad brahma kimadhyātmaṃ kiṃ karma puruṣottama . adhibhūtaṃ ca kiṃ proktamadhidaivaṃ kimucyate ||8-1||
Hindi Meaning
।।8.1।। अर्जुन ने कहा -हे पुरुषोत्तम ! वह ब्रह्म क्या है अध्यात्म क्या है? तथा कर्म क्या है? और अधिभूत नाम से क्या कहा गया है? तथा अधिदैव नाम से क्या कहा जाता है,
English Meaning
Arjuna inquired: O my Lord, O Supreme Person, what is Brahman? What is the self? What are fruitive activities? What is this material manifestation? And what are the demigods? Please explain this to me.
Commentary
In this chapter Lord Kṛṣṇa answers different questions from Arjuna, beginning with “What is Brahman?” The Lord also explains karma (fruitive activities), devotional service and yoga principles, and devotional service in its pure form. The Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam explains that the Supreme Absolute Truth is known as Brahman, Paramātmā and Bhagavān. In addition, the living entity, the individual soul, is also called Brahman. Arjuna also inquires about ātmā, which refers to body, soul and mind. According to the Vedic dictionary, ātmā refers to the mind, soul, body and senses also. Arjuna has addressed the Supreme Lord as Puruṣottama, Supreme Person, which means that he was putting these questions not simply to a friend but to the Supreme Person, knowing Him to be the supreme authority able to give definitive answers.
Hinglish Commentary
Is chapter mein Bhagwan Krishna Arjuna ke kai sawalon ka jawab dete hain, jo "Brahman kya hai?" se shuru hota hai. Bhagwan karma, yani ki jo karm hum karte hain uske phal, bhakti sewa aur yoga ke principles ko bhi samjhate hain, aur bhakti sewa ki shuddh roop ko bhi batate hain. Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam kehta hai ki Paramatma, Brahman aur Bhagwan sabhi ek hi Supreme Absolute Truth hain. Iske saath hi, jo jeevatma hai, yani individual soul, usse bhi Brahman kaha jata hai. Arjuna ātmā ke baare mein bhi poochta hai, jo body, soul aur mind ko refer karta hai. Vedic dictionary ke hisaab se, ātmā ka matlab mind, soul, body aur senses bhi hota hai. Arjuna ne Bhagwan ko Puruṣottama, yani Supreme Person keh kar sambodhit kiya, jo yeh dikhata hai ki wo in sawalon ko sirf ek dost se nahi, balki Supreme Person se pooch rahe hain, kyunki unhe pata hai ki wahi sabse bada authority hain jo sahi jawab de sakte hain.